In this study, the Nature of Science Instrument (NOSI) was developed to measure elementary students’ NOS views. As well as the development of this instrument, this study proposes a hierarchical linear model among NOS and other related factors to achievement. In this study NOSI was developed for use in elementary school settings. NOSI will be helpful for researchers in testing the theoretical issues. Researchers need some general information about students’ NOS views to better help these students develop sound NOS views. Quantitative studies can provide adequate “snapshot” information about different populations regarding their NOS views. Although there are some studies investigating the effect of some student characteristics such as gender and grade level, it is crucial to investigate the effect of other student level factors such as students’ background characteristics, factors related to students characteristics, factors related to student feelings and outside activities, learning and motivational factors. In this study, students NOS views are investigated considering not only student level factors but also school level factors in relation to student academic achievement.